在(zai)專(zhuan)業雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)防(fang)護領域，根(gen)據產品具(ju)體應用分類，可以(yi)將其(qi)分為直擊雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)防(fang)護裝(zhuang)置、感應雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)防(fang)護裝(zhuang)置、接(jie)地產品及雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)監測(ce)系(xi)統四大類。
直擊雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)防護(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的產品主要(yao)有接(jie)(jie)閃(shan)器(qi)、引下線(xian)等。接(jie)(jie)閃(shan)器(qi)主要(yao)是通(tong)過吸引雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)先驅，使主放電(dian)都集(ji)中在它的上面(mian)來保護(hu)(hu)附近比它低的物體免受雷(lei)(lei)(lei)擊，接(jie)(jie)閃(shan)器(qi)又包括有避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)針、避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)線(xian)、避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)帶等。引下線(xian)是用來連接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)閃(shan)器(qi)與接(jie)(jie)地裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，將(jiang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)流引入到地底下。
感應雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防護(hu)裝置包括(kuo)等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)產(chan)品(pin)和過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)產(chan)品(pin)。等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)產(chan)品(pin)主要(yao)是將被保護(hu)系統內(nei)的(de)(de)所有金屬物(wu)體進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣連接(jie)(jie)(jie)，用(yong)來使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)基本相(xiang)等(deng)(deng)，消除之間的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象，從(cong)而避(bi)免由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)差值過高危及(ji)設(she)備(bei)(bei)安全(quan)；過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)產(chan)品(pin)主要(yao)是用(yong)來將過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)限(xian)(xian)制在設(she)備(bei)(bei)能(neng)承受(shou)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍內(nei)，保護(hu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)免受(shou)損壞，過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)產(chan)品(pin)主要(yao)是SPD，包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源SPD、信號SPD、天(tian)饋SPD，它們分別安裝在各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)、信號線(xian)(xian)以及(ji)天(tian)饋線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中，利(li)用(yong)SPD的(de)(de)保護(hu)特性(xing)，將線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)上過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)限(xian)(xian)制在設(she)備(bei)(bei)能(neng)承受(shou)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍內(nei)，保護(hu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)免遭(zao)損壞。
接(jie)地(di)產品(pin)用(yong)于使(shi)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)流最(zui)終泄放(fang)入大(da)地(di)，不(bu)管是(shi)防直擊雷(lei)(lei)、感應(ying)雷(lei)(lei)、或其(qi)他(ta)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)雷(lei)(lei)，沒有合(he)理而(er)良好的(de)接(jie)地(di)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)是(shi)不(bu)能可靠雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)防護的(de)，接(jie)地(di)產品(pin)通常埋在(zai)地(di)底(di)下用(yong)來使(shi)設(she)備與大(da)地(di)之間實現低阻抗的(de)電(dian)氣連接(jie)。
雷(lei)電監測系(xi)統主要是用來實時監測雷(lei)電的(de)發(fa)生、發(fa)展(zhan)及消亡過(guo)程，可以對雷(lei)電的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢(shi)進行預測，起到(dao)預警的(de)作用，同時能夠(gou)提供處理(li)雷(lei)電故障所(suo)需的(de)信息及分析數據。
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